Battle Royal - Ralph Ellison Research Paper - 1209 Words

Battle of a Black Man Ralph Ellison made it clear that Invisible Man was not based on his own experiences. In an interview, he stated, â€Å"Let me say right now that my book is not an autobiographical work.† However, it is clear that his culture and the time period of his upbringing affected his writing. This is particularly seen in his descriptions of the treatment of blacks, the African American society, and the revelation of the narrator. Like the characters in â€Å"Battle Royal†, African Americans have to fight each other in real life because whites leave them so little (Brent 2). The white society sees itself as superior; therefore, it does not provide for African Americans. Blacks are then forced to compete within themselves in life. To†¦show more content†¦The treatment of blacks is frightening. The white society really believes that blacks deserve no better. In his article â€Å"Imagery in the ‘Battle Royal’ Chapter of Ralph Ellison†™s Invisible Man,† Norman German states, â€Å"the animal imagery graphically highlights Ellison’s theme that when one sex or race treats another as an object or animal, both become dehumanized or bestial† (1). Ellison stated, â€Å"Much of the rhetorical and political energy of white society went toward proving to itself that we were not human† (German 2). The white men in â€Å"Battle Royal† not only treat the young black men as animals, or objects, but also the stripper. Therefore, they become animals themselves. Ellison once said, â€Å"Our social mobility was strictly, and violently, limited† (German 2). The black society is portrayed in a special way in â€Å"Battle Royal.† The boxing ring of the Battle symbolizes the confinement of blacks in their society (German 2). The whites are always superior, and the blacks are constantly held back and left fighting. â€Å"The story’s title, ‘Battle Royal,’ suggests that the incidents described in the narrative are just one battle in the ongoing racial war† (Brent 2). There is constant controversy between whites and blacks, so far as it is described as a war. In the grandfather’s speech, he describes it as a war, and he states that he wants the narrator to â€Å"keep up the good fight.† He then explains how the narrator should do so; he orders him â€Å"Live with your head in the lion’sShow MoreRelatedProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesSTUDIES, SECOND EDITION - PROJECT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDIES, SECOND EDITION HAROLD KERZNER, Ph.D. Division of Business Administration Baldwin-Wallace College Berea, Ohio John Wiley Sons, Inc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright O 2006 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted

Is Modern Day Media Deceitful Essay - 1046 Words

Modern day media is deceitful in a number of ways - stories about politicians can be easily fabricated, exaggerations about celebrities are all too common, and more often than not news reports are negative, fear-inducing stories. Perhaps the most deceiving of all is the sexual content that appears far too frequently. Sexual content in the media includes but is not limited to kissing, nudity, provocative clothing, sexual innuendos, suggestive language and of course any portrayal of the act of sexual intercourse itself. It is often shown to have no consequences, which can undoubtedly be misleading. Sexual content in the media - including television, movies, magazines, music, video games, advertisements - is detrimental to society and†¦show more content†¦Although video games may be more easily monitored by parents, in circumstances where that is not possible, being exposed to this type of sexualization is particularly damaging to the mindsets of children. Young girls can likel y be influenced by this kind of sexualization, feeling that they must dress or act in similar ways to these video game characters in order to impress, seduce or pursue a partner. Similarly, young heterosexual boys are likely to look to these fictional women as future comparisons for when they go out into the dating world. According to a study by the Kaiser Family Foundation, â€Å"most children aged 11 to 13 and some children aged 8 to 10 understood the sexual content, even the jokes and innuendoes about sex.† Obviously, children as young as eight years old should in no way be already able to understand the kinds of sexual jokes and innuendos that grown adults partake in telling and sharing. An eight-year-old that is not exposed to sexual content in the media is probably more likely to be concerned with more important things such as their education, family life, and just playing on the playground even. Aside from encouraging premarital sexual activity and negatively shaping their ideals, sexual content leads young women to think teenage pregnancy is acceptable and has no consequences. Specifically, â€Å"...a recent study revealed that early exposure to sexual content doubled the risk of teen pregnancy.†Show MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : Bowling For Columbine 1667 Words   |  7 Pages1†¨Bowling For Columbine Review | Madeline Clarke A compelling documentary about the controversial issues of gun culture, violence, war and the media’s role in promoting fear within communities, Michael Moore’s Bowling For Columbine presents a range of modern day issues within American society. By merging together a variety of different film techniques within news reports, statistics, ironic and tense stunts and interviews, the documentary investigates the incidents leading up to the 1999 Columbine HighRead MoreThe Theory Of The Chair1282 Words   |  6 PagesPlato’s passage represents the average human being in the modern world. Modern society shares much in common with the prisoners, because throughout everyday life there are situations presented that appear as reality, but in fact are illusions. This can be found in modern media, politics and technology. In the modern world there is a constant bombardment of various forms of media. This quote from the Toronto Star, indicates that even if the media tries its best to filter bias in the articles there willRead MoreAdvertising : The Magic System786 Words   |  4 PagesCulture Williams, R. (1980). Advertising: The Magic System. 170-195. Premises 1. While this article focuses on British history, Williams argues that the nature of advertisement has changed from a system to attract â€Å"specific attention† (similar to modern day classifieds) to a system that broadcasts â€Å"commercial information and persuasion† (p. 170, 184) 2. This change in advertising methodology is paralleled to changes in social and economic structures (p. 170, 177-178) 3. Through capitalism, the minorityRead MoreFairy Tales And A Dose Of Reality By Catherine Orenstein1148 Words   |  5 Pagesextravagant carriage? Was it media? All forms of media have a big effect on the general conception; from the printing press and Thomas Jefferson to televised news and Donald Trump. Or did our ever changing society create this facade of happily-ever-after that is sought after so often? In the article Fairy Tales and a Dose of Reality by Catherine Orenstein she utilizes historical references and allusions to modern media and challenges the perception of fairy tales and expose them as media-manipulated, romanticizedRead MoreCommunications and Social Media965 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿COMMUNICATIONS AND SOCIAL MEDIA Introduction Now that we are in the second decade of the 21st Century, it appears more and more evident that the so-called Digital Revolution is in a second phase. The first phase of the revolution was the rapid increase in digital technology as computers became cheap enough for most consumers to purchase at least one for the home and reliable enough that virtually every type of business incorporated computer systems into their day-to-day business operations. TheRead MoreBig Brother Is Watching, And The Ministry Of Truth967 Words   |  4 Pagescontrolling, deceitful, and corrupt atmosphere described in 1984, many different inventions and innovations show that it could be headed in that direction, or that it already contains concepts of it. The book describes different familiar components such as a predominant ‘Big Brother’ who is always watching, ‘newspeak’, and the Ministry of Truth. These can be closely related to what is seen in society today, with a controlling go vernment, shortened words, and the deceptive nature of the media through differentRead MoreHow Does Goya Design Transcend Into Modern Caricature And Social Critique?1242 Words   |  5 Pagessubjects of his works. Then how does Goya’s methodology transcend into modern caricature and social critique? Before one can talk about his prints, one must understand who Francisco Goya is as an artist. Goya was a Spanish romantic painter and printmaker of late 18th and early 19th centuries and throughout his long career was an important commentator and chronicler of his era. Goya produced a great number of works in a variety of media in his lifetime. He did religious subjects in painted frescos andRead MoreMedia s Influence On American Culture1256 Words   |  6 PagesMedia includes broadcasting mediums such as newspapers, magazines, TV, radio, billboards, direct mail, telephone, fax, and internet. The Business Dictionary defines media as, â€Å"communication channels through which news, entertainment, education, data, or promotional messages are disseminated† (â€Å"Media.†). With the right instruments, media has had a very sizable impact on American society and culture. Media has grown immensely popular and has remarkably gained influence that it’s altered the way w eRead More`` American Psychosis `` By Chris Hedges855 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscards the losers â€Å"like Styrofoam boxes that held junk food†. Those ‘excess’ human beings who cannot keep up with the endless quest for notoriety, he contends, end up unemployed, imprisoned, or homeless, because the only worth humans have in the modern world is their ability to make headlines. The final piece of his article is dedicated to fomenting some kind of vengeful revolution against celebrity culture, in which the public purges itself of inconsequential distractions so that they can onceRead MoreCriminal Justice Department Of The Country1377 Words   |  6 Pagesact by the law and maintain order in the community. The media plays a significant role in the functioning of society; it forms the primary source of information regarding the matters in the wider community. It is apparent that most people depend on the media coverage of news and gaining opinions towards critical mat ters concerning the society. Particularly, the issue of gun violence and control has raised controversial debates between the media and law enforcers with different opinions arising from

The Persistence of Stereotyping-.com

Question: Discuss howstereotypes regarding Indigenous Australians circulate in a particular public space or institutional site and consider how suchrepresentations reproduce inequality. Answer: Introduction: Even though the Indigenous and Aboriginal people of Australia share a rich contribution in the development of complicated history of Australia, it can be seen that the existence of certain prejudices and stereotypes cannot be ignored. While the judicial structure of Australia advocates equal treatment of aboriginal and non-aboriginal citizens; if certain evidences are taken into consideration, it can be observed that underlying inequality is persistent (Sharifian, 2014). Hence, in this specific assignment, the unequal treatment of the aboriginal and indigenous Australians by the legal structure will be explained by focusing on the role of stereotypes that enhances the generation of inequality faced by the aboriginals. Analysis: It can be considered as a long running view that racial discrimination in the judicial system is prevalent. It has been a popular topic of discussion that the indigenous individuals are subjected to unfair sentence due to the underlying racism and prejudiced stereotypes held by the members of judicial systems (Bennett, 2014). The inference has been derived on the basis of the research which was conducted by the University of Technology in Sydney (Hollinsworth, 2016). On the basis of the interview of judicial officers and lawyers in New South Wales and Victoria, it was observed that the officers and the judicial members are driven by certain stereotypes that direct their decisions. It is considered that the individuals belonging from the indigenous communities are more likely to get engaged in offences like drug dealing and other regressive activities (Gibbons, 2014). Hence, irrespective of the fact that the legal framework of the Australian judiciary stating equal treatment, the biasness in the decisions of the judges and their attitudes towards the indigenous community is different from that of the non-indigenous people, who are considered to be more civilized and cultured. It can be said that one of the major reasons behind the existing stereotype is the cultural differences prevalent. By taking evidences into consideration, it can be seen that the important positions in the legal systems are generally held by individuals coming from the non aboriginal communities (Rudin, 2016). One of the major reasons behind the same can considered to be the lack of appropriate educational opportunities for the communities. While certain rate of literacy is required to hold high ranks in the legislative systems, it can be seen that the percentage of the aboriginal adults considered to be functionally illiterate is as high as 45-60% (Bielefeld, 2014). Hence, the lack of deeper understanding of the cultures prevalent in the aboriginal and indigenous communities is one of the major contributors towards the stereotypical conceptions of the officials and decision makers in the judicial sector (Short, 2016). The issues in the community are not appropriately understood by the judges and prosecutors that work against the aboriginals. Due to the stereotypes regarding their upbringings, they remain a neglected part of the society, leading to increasing amount of alienation from their side (Hollinsworth, 2016). Hence, it can be said that the gap among the decision of judicial structure regarding the indigenous and non-indigenous remain stagnant. On the basis of the records of Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, it can be seen that despite being only 3% of the total population of Australia, the prison population of the indigenous communities comprise almost a quarter of the total prison population (Rudin, 2016). It can be assumed that the unfair treatment and sentence of the individuals is one of the major reasons behind this stark contrast. Hence, it can be said that the stereotypes prevalent regarding the Indigenous and Aboriginal communities are one of the major reasons behind the discrimination in the judicial systems in Australia. Conclusion: The evidences reflect that the stereotypes relating to the indigenous people contribute towards the inequality in legal systems. In order to ensure that the same is kept in check, an in-depth knowledge regarding the cultures as such can be helpful. Thus, the existing gaps can be properly tackled. Reference List: Bennett, B., 2014. How do light-skinned Aboriginal Australians experience racism?: Implications for social work.AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples,10(2), pp.180-192. Bielefeld, S., 2014. Compulsory income management and Indigenous Australians: Delivering social justice or furthering colonial domination?.Browser Download This Paper. Gibbons, J., 2014.Language and the Law. Routledge. Hollinsworth, D., 2016. Unsettling Australian settler supremacy: combating resistance in university Aboriginal studies.Race ethnicity and education,19(2), pp.412-432. Rudin, J., 2016. Aboriginal peoples and the criminal justice system. Sharifian, F., 2014. Conceptual metaphor in intercultural communication between speakers of Aboriginal English and Australian English.Metaphor and intercultural communication, pp.117-129. Short, D., 2016.Reconciliation and colonial power: Indigenous rights in Australia. Routledge.

Training and Development Program

Question: Discuss about the Training and Development Program. Answer: Introduction Training and Development Training and development is one of the most important core functions under human resource management. Training and development aims at making the workforce of a business organisation more competitive by planning and implementing programs that can help them in learning new skills and techniques, which can bring about an improvement in their job related skills or help them in bringing about an overall development in their knowledge and careers. Contemporary business organisations are giving a lot of importance to training and development programs because they are now operating in a very complex and competitive business environment where human resources can play a vital role in achieving market competencies and helping business organisations in surviving the market competition in the longer run. There are two factors that can create a need for training and development of employees. These factors are changes in the market or the industry and for the general development of the organisatio n (Training and Development - Meaning, its Need and Importance, n.d.). Company Background Toyota motor corporation, also known as Toyota, is an automotive company that is headquartered in Japan. Toyota became the ninth largest country in the world in terms of revenue in 2016 and is the second largest car manufacturer brand in the world. The company manufactures more than 10 million vehicles per year and has an approximate workforce of 3,38,875 employees. The company has established itself in very tough times by performing very well and showing exceptional product design and development. Toyota operates in a sector that is highly complex, competitive and vulnerable to a number of global environmental factors. The company also has a large workforce, which makes it important for the company to keep on arranging for training and development programs that can help in increasing their competencies and assist them in serving their customers in a better way. One of the subsidiaries of the company has been experiencing a lot of complaints with respect to the quality of customer care services that the employees have been offering to the clients who visit Toyota service centres to get their vehicles services. Therefore, the company has decided to conduct a training need assessment in that particular subsidiary and analyse if the reason for the lack of performance is due to lack of a training or development program. Needs Assessment Analysis Need assessment analysis is a process that a human resource management undertakes to determine the training needs that will help the employees and the organisation in achieving their personal as well as collective goals (Training Needs Assessment Survey, n.d.). In other words, a need assessment analysis helps organisations in identifying the gaps that exist between their present position and the position where they want to be in the future. A training needs assessment helps business organisations in identifying the competence level, skills and knowledge of employees and compare it with the market trends or the position where the organisation wants its employees to be. Assessment of training needs should be executed as a continuous process i.e. at the time of hiring, at the time of performance reviews, during career development or succession planning or during the implementation of change. Some techniques or sources that can be used to conduct a training need assessment are listed below: Needs assessment questionnaire Employee interviews Employee opinions Exit interviews Employee complaints Customer survey feedbacks Performance measurement systems Observations Assessment centres Employment skill test Focus group (Training Needs Assessment Survey, n.d.) The situation that the Toyota Motor Corporation is facing in the global market is tough and can have a huge impact on the market reputation of the company because it is important for the employees working in service sector to be competitive and satisfy the needs of the clients. For conducting a training need assessment at the Toyota Motor Corporation, the following methods can be used: Customer survey feedback as the company is operating in manufacturing and service sector, it is important that it takes regular feedback from its customers who visit the retail outlets for getting their vehicles services because customers are highly attached to their vehicles and want a higher value for their money. Taking feedback from the customers will allow the company to analyse the strengths and weaknesses of the services that the staff has offered to them. The company can take regular feedback from the customers who have recently availed their services and also from the ones who are returning customers or have visited the outlets in the past. The company can ask the clients some important questions, such as: how were you welcomed at the service centre? Did you book an appointment before coming? Was your paper work ready before your arrival? Was the staff cooperative? Were you given estimates before the commencement of the service? Was your vehicle ready within the time period mentioned by the staff member? Do you have any grievances related with the behaviour of the staff? Do you think the staff was efficient in testing and servicing your vehicle? Did the staff provide you instructions and information regarding the next services of you vehicle? Would you like to appraise a specific staff member that put in extra efforts to make your vehicle better? etc. Such questions can greatly help the management in gathering important information about the performance of the employees from the clients perspective and identifying the areas where the employees lack competencies so that they can be trained or developed in the areas identified. Employee interviews another efficient way of analysing the training needs of the employees is by conducting interview sessions where experts can ask job and skill related questions from the employees and analyse their responses to identify the training needs. To analyse the training needs effectively, the staff as well as their seniors should be interviewed in an controlled environment. The questions that they can be asked during the interview process are: Do you think that you are competent enough for the industry? Do you think you possess the skills or technicalities that are required to carry out your job duties properly? Do you think that you lack certain competencies or skills? Do you think that a training or development program is required for the staff? If yes, then what specific skills or areas should be targeted? Are there any skills or competencies that could make the entire workforce more competitive and improve their performance? Performance measurement systems performance measurement systems are given a lot of importance in human resource management because they are not just helpful in improving the workforce performance but also plays a great role in analysing the lacking competencies in the workforce. As a result, almost all top companies in the world have their own customised performance measurement systems that help them in analysing the training needs of the workforce. If Toyota Motor Corporation already has a performance measurement system in place, it will become easier for the company to assess the training needs of the employees. Through its performance measurement system, the management will already have some information about the training needs of the employees and the management can use this information to shape the other methods of conducting a training need assessment. For example, a performance measurement system hints that the employees lack competitiveness when it comes to providing accurate estimations and costs of services to the clients or fail to deliver the vehicle within the mentioned period of time. Thus, using this information, the management can shape its employee interviews and can also include questions regarding the same in the customer feedback forms and can design training and development programs to target some specific skills and technicalities (Rossett, 1987). Potential Issues in needs Assessments It is imperative for business organisations to be accurate when conducting a training needs assessment because an inefficient training needs assessment plan can identify wrong training or development needs and ultimately result into a wastage of a lot of important resources of the company. It has been observed that only 6% of the expenditure in training actually results in transfer of the learned skills and technicalities back to job. To avoid such conditions, it is important that the human resource management staff of business organisations possess the business acumen and have experience in performing training needs assessment (Iglicki, 2012). Some potential issues on training needs assessment are discussed below: First of all, using a customer feedback method can be a complicated way to identify the training needs of the workforce. Using a customer feedback questionnaire might not help the company in gathering the information that it desires as some of the customers might not provide a feedback for the survey at all. Further, the answers to the customer surveys can be biased and it might also be difficult for the company to understand the responses of the customers and come to a strong conclusion. Secondly, higher dependency on employee interviews can also increase the chances of inefficiencies because the process is time consuming. Organising employee interviews is a difficult job and the employees might not be honest in replying to the questions designed for the interview. For example, most of the employees will not be ready to accept that they lack certain skills of competencies that prevents them from performing better. Further, it is also possible that the interviewer is not able to get the desired information out from the employees and the purpose of the process might be defeated altogether (Wicaksana, 2014). Finally, another issue that arises in the assessment of training needs is whether there is actually a need to plan and implement a training or development program for the skills that have been found to be missing in the workforce or not. The management can obviously not afford to plan and implement training or development programs that are not required because it will cause wastage of a lot of important resources, which otherwise might have been used somewhere else. Failure of Training needs Assessment Training and development programs are important from the perspective of the employees as well as from the employers perspective. Toyota Motor Corporation must ensure that it is able to assess the right training needs to achieve higher competencies and better outcomes on the overall. The failure of assessing the right training needs can result into the training of wrong people at the wrong time and for the wrong skills. This will not only result into wastage of time and resources but will also hinder the progress of the organisation and make it difficult for the company to achieve its objectives. Further, it is also important for the company to identify whether the training program will be compatible with the work schedules of the employees because if it is incompatible then it would make the subsidiaries lose their productivity and efficiency due to shortage of staff (Deborah, 2011). Thus, assessing the right training needs if very important for the company at present as a wrong asse ssment might in the present situation might be the end to the business of the company. Conclusion Training and development of employees is very important for the employees as well as for the employers. Training and development of employees not only helps the employers in achieving a highly competitive, motivated and engaged workforce but also helps the employees in increasing their competencies, becoming better performers at work and developing better career prospects for them in the future. To achieve such advantages, it is important for the company to assess the right training needs and identify those skills that are missing in its workforce so that it can help its workforce in learning those skills and can ensure that the employees are able to contribute more towards the achievement of organisational goals and objectives. References Training and Development - Meaning, its Need and Importance. (n.d.). Retrieved April 24, 2017, from www.managementstudyguide.com: https://www.managementstudyguide.com/training-and-development.htm Koshal. (2015, January 1). Difference Between Five (5) Star Hotel and Seven (7) Star Hotel. Retrieved April 24, 2017, from www.differencebetween.com: https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-five-5-star-hotel-and-seven-7star-hotel/ Training Needs Assessment Survey. (n.d.). Retrieved April 24, 2017, from www.hr-survey.com: https://www.hr-survey.com/TrainingNeeds.htm Rossett, A. (1987). Training Needs Assessment. (J. W. Arwardy, Ed.) Educational Technology Publications. Iglicki, D. (2012, February 23). Hurdles To Accurate Assessment Of Training Needs Within Organizations. Retrieved April 24, 2017, from evolllution.com: https://evolllution.com/opinions/hurdles-to-accurate-assessment-of-training-needs-within-organizations/ Wicaksana, S. (2014, April 10). Training Need Assessment. Deborah. (2011, May 9). Why a training needs assessment is important . Retrieved April 25, 2017, from laurelandassociates.com: https://laurelandassociates.com/tip-374-why-a-training-needs-assessment-is-important/

The scientific method Essay Example

The scientific method Essay Laboratory Objectives After completing this lab topic, you should be able to: 1. Identify and characterize questions that can be answered through selecting investigation. 2. Define hypothesis and explain what characterizes a good selecting hypothesis. 3. Identify and describe the components of a scientific experiment. 4. Summarize and present results in tables and graphs. 5. Discuss results and critique experiments. 6. Design a scientific experiment. 7. Interpret and communicate results. Introduction Biology is the study of the phenomena of life, and biologists observe living systems ND organisms, ask questions, and propose explanations for those observations. Science assumes that biological systems are understandable and can be explained by fundamental rules or laws. Scientific Investigations share some common elements and procedures, which are referred to as the scientific method. Not all scientists follow these procedures in a strict fashion, but each of the elements is usually present. Science is a creative human endeavor that involves asking questions, making observations, developing explanatory hypotheses, and testing those hypotheses. Scientists closely scrutinize investigations in their field, and each scientist must present his or her work at scientific meetings or in professional publications, providing evidence from observations and experiments that supports the scientists explanations of biological phenomena. Read the following example and answer the questions that follow. Agricultural scientists were concerned about the effect of air pollution, sulfur dioxide in particular, on soybean production in fields adjacent to coal-powered power plants. Based on initial investigations, they proposed that sulfur dioxide in high concentrations would reduce reproduction in soybeans. They designed an experiment to test this hypothesis (Figure 1). In this experiment, 48 soybean plants, Just beginning to produce flowers, were delved Into two groups, treatment and no treatment. We will write a custom essay sample on The scientific method specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The scientific method specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The scientific method specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The 24 treated plants were delved Into four groups of 6. One group of 6 treated plants was placed in a fumigation chamber and exposed to 0. 6 pimp (parts power plant. The experiment was repeated on the remaining three treated groups. The no-treatment plants were placed similarly in groups of 6 in a second fumigation hammer and simultaneously exposed to filtered air for 4 hours. Following the experiment, all plants were returned to the greenhouse. When the beans matured, the number of bean pods, the number of seeds per pod, and the weight of the pods were determined for each plant. Figure 1 . Experimental Design for soybean experiment. The experiment was repeated four times. Soybeans were fumigated for 4 hours. Determining the Variables Read the description of each category of variable; then identify the variable described in the preceding investigation. The variables in an experiment must be Leary defined and measurable. The investigator will identify and define dependent, independent, and controlled variables for a particular experiment. A) The Dependent Variable Within the experiment, one variable will be measured or counted or observed in response to the experimental conditions. This variable is the dependent variable. For the soybeans, several dependent variables are measured, all of which provide information about reproduction. What are the dependent variables? B) The Independent Variable The scientist will choose one variable, or experimental condition, to manipulate. This arable is considered the most important variable by which to test the investigators hypothesis and is called the independent variable. What was the independent variable? Can you suggest other variables that the investigator might have changed that would have had an effect on the dependent variables? He dependent variables, only one independent variable is usually chosen. Why is it important to have only one independent variable? Why is it acceptable to have more than one dependent variable? C) Controlled Variables Consider the variables that you identified as alternative independent variables. Although they are not part of the hypothesis being tested in this investigation, they would ha ve significant effects on the outcome of this experiment. These variables must, therefore, be kept constant during the course of the experiment. They are known as the controlled variables. The underlying assumption in experimental design is that the selected independent variable is the one affecting the dependent variable. This is only true if all other variables are controlled. What are the controlled variables in this experiment? What variables other than those you may have already listed can you now suggest? Choosing or Designing the Procedure The procedure is the stepwise method, or sequence of steps, to be performed for the experiment. It should be recorded in a laboratory notebook before initiating the experiment, and any exceptions or modifications should be noted during the experiment. The procedures may be designed from research published in scientific journals, through collaboration with colleagues in the lab or other institutions, or by means of ones own novel and creative ideas. The process of outlining the procedure includes determining control treatment(s), levels of treatments, and numbers of applications. The value set for the independent variable is called the level of treatment. For this experiment, the value was determined based on previous research and preliminary measurements of sulfur dioxide emissions. The scientists may select a range of concentrations from no sulfur dioxide to an extremely high concentration. The levels should be based on knowledge of the system and the biological significance of the treatment level. What was the level of treatment in the soybean experiment? B) Replication Scientific investigations are not valid if the conclusions drawn from them are based n one experiment with one or two individuals. Generally, the same procedure will be repeated several times (replication), providing consistent results. Notice that scientists do not expect exactly the same results inasmuch as individuals and their responses will vary. Results from replicated experiments are usually averaged and may be further analyzed using statistical tests. Describe replication in the soybean experiment. C) Control The experiment design includes a control in which the independent variable is held at an established level or is omitted. The control or control treatment serves as a encroach that allows the scientist to decide whether the predicted effect is really due to the independent variable. What was the control treatment in this experiment? What is the difference between the control and the controlled variables discussed previously? EXERCISE II: DESIGNING AN EXPERIMENT In this exercise, the entire class, working together, will practice investigating a question using what you have learned so far about the scientific process. Cardiovascular fitness can be determined by measuring a persons pulse rate and respiration rate before and after a given time of aerobic exercise. A person who is more fit may have a relatively slower pulse rate and a lower respiratory rate after exercise, and his or her pulse rate should return to normal more quickly than that of a person who is less fit. Your assignment is to investigate the effect of a well-defined, measurable, controllable independent variable on cardiovascular fitness. Specific questions can be asked about an independent variable related to the broad topic of cardiovascular fitness. For example, your question might be Does cigarette smoking have an effect on cardiovascular fitness? List the questions in the space revived. Choose the best question and propose a testable hypothesis. B) Hypothesis Record the hypothesis chosen by the class. The Experiment A test, called the step test, that is often used for assessing cardiovascular fitness (Sinusitis and Fine, 1987). Here are the basic elements of this test: 1. The subject steps up and down on a low platform, approximately 8 in. From the ground, for 3 minutes at a rate of 30 steps per minute. 2. The subjects pulse rate is measured before the test and immediately after the test. The subject should be sitting quietly when the pulse is counted. Use three fingers to find the pulse in the radial artery (the artery in the wrist, above the thumb). Count the number of beats per minute. (Count the beats for 30 seconds and multiply by 2. ) 3. Additionally, the pulse rate is measured at I-minute intervals after the test until the pulse rate returns to normal (recovery time). Count the pulse for 30 seconds, rest 30 seconds, count 30 seconds, and rest 30 seconds. Repeat this procedure until the pulse returns to normal. Record the number of minutes to return to the normal pulse rate. (Do not record the pulse rate. ) As a group, design an experiment and record the components below: Dependent variable(s): Controlled variables: Control: Level of treatment: Replication: Summarize the experimental designed by your class: Prediction Predict the results of the experiment based on your hypothesis (if/then). Following the procedures established by your investigative team, perform the experiment and record your results. Results Record total class results in a Table. Identify the treatment conditions at the top of the table. Presenting and Analyzing Results Once the data are collected, they must be organized and summarized so that the scientists can determine if the hypothesis has been supported or falsified. In this exercise, you will design tables and graphs; the latter are also called figures. Tables and figures have two primary functions. They are used (1) to help you analyze and interpret your results and (2) to enhance the clarity with which you present the work to a reader or viewer. Tables You have collected data from your experiment in the form of a list of numbers that may appear at first glance to have little meaning. Look at your data. How could you organize the data set to make it easier to interpret? You could average the data set or each treatment, but even averages can be rather uninformative. Could you use a summary table to convey the data (in this case, averages)? Table 2 is an example of a table using data averages of the number of seeds per pod and number of pods per plant as the dependent variables and exposure to sulfur dioxide as the independent variable. Note that the number of replicates and the units of measurement are provided in the table and table legend. Table 2. Effects of 4-Hour Exposure to 0. 6 pimp Sulfur Dioxide on Average Seed and Pod Production in Soybeans. Treatment Number Seeds per Pod Pods per Plant intro 243. 26 16 ASS 241. 96 13 Tables are used to present results that have a few too many data points. They are also useful for displaying several dependent variables. For example, average number of bean pods, average number of seeds per pod, and average weight of pods per plant for treated and untreated plants could all be presented in one table. All values of the same kind should read down the column, not across a row. Include only data that are important in presenting the results and for further discussion. Information and results that are not essential (for example: test-tube number, impel calculations, or data with no differences) should be omitted. The headings of each column should include units of measurement, if appropriate. Tables are numbered consecutively throughout a lab report or scientific paper. For example Table 4 would be the fourth table in your report. The title, which is located at the top of the table, should be clear and concise, with enough information to allow the table to be understandable apart from the text. Capitalize the first and important words in the title. Do not capitalize articles (a, an, the), short prepositions, and conjunctions. Refer to each table in the written text. Summarize the data and refer to the table; for example, The plants treated with sulfur dioxide produced an average of 1. 96 seeds per pod (Table 2). Do not write, See the results in Table 2. If you are using a database program, such as Excel, you should still sketch your table on paper before constructing it on the computer. Application 1. Using the data from your experiment, design a summary table to present the results for one of your dependent variables, pulse rate. Your table need not be the same size or design as the sample. In your table, provide units of the dependent arable (pulse rate). Tell the reader how many replications (if any) were used to calculate the averages. 2. Compose a title for your table. Refer to the guidelines in the previous section. Interpreting and Communicating Results The last component of a scientific investigation is to interpret the results and discuss their implications in light of the hypothesis and its supporting literature. The investigator studies the tables and graphs and determines if their hypothesis has been supported or falsified. If the hypothesis has been falsified, the investigator must suggest alternate hypotheses for testing. If the hypothesis has been supported, the investigator suggests additional experiments to strengthen the hypothesis, using the same or alternate methods. Scientists will thoroughly investigate a scientific question, testing hypotheses, collecting data, and analyzing results, until they are satisfied that they can explain the phenomenon of interest. The final phase off scientific investigation is the communication of the results to other scientists. Preliminary results may be presented within a laboratory research group and at scientific meetings where the findings can be discussed. Ultimately, the completed reject is presented in the form of a scientific paper that is reviewed by scientists within the field and published in a scientific Journal. The ideas, procedures, results, other scientists. Because of this, science is sometimes described as self-correcting, meaning that errors that may occur are usually discovered within the scientific community. Scientific communication, whether spoken or written, is essential to science. During this laboratory course, you often will be asked to present and interpret your results at the end of the laboratory period. Additionally, you will write components of a scientific paper for many lab topics.

Treat ment of Females in the Antibellum Period essays

Treat ment of Females in the Antibellum Period essays 1A. The common experience of European, African, and Native American women in colonial America was that no matter where they were in America, women were considered subordinate to men. The most intriguing part about the era was the way that captives were treated. Whether it be as slaves or as just captives, women were treated basically for the males sexual and economic favor as a means of production. It is stated in Chapter 2 of Norton and Alexander that the exchange of women through systems of captivity, adoption, and marriage seem to have provided European and Native men with mutually understood symbols of power with which to bridge cultural barriers Often times African and Native American women had no choice of who and when then had sexual relations. Many times it was there captures or masters who would force themselves upon the captive women. African women often werent given much of a chance to be intimate with another slave because they were too busy working in the fields. Native American and European women, mainly Spanish, had their male counterparts slaughtered during raids. The treatment of Native American and Spanish women were different. They were often treated as captives and not so much as slaves, both groups of females were expected to adopt the custom in which they were captured in to. Often times these women would marry a member of their captures race, but was given a choice on whom they were intimate with. It is stated in Chapter 2 of Norton and Alexander that two factors played and important part in seeing how Spanish and Indian women were treated First, captives status and treatment within the host society would establish the structural constraints (culturally specific customs and laws governing rights and obligations) within which individuals might pursue their goals. Second, sheer luck and the individual captives personal resources determined much of her actual l...

Listening Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Listening Assignment - Essay Example ue Note Label recording company and it had a unique characteristic of being comprised of young players such as Bobby Timmons and Lee Morgan who played for the band in their early twenties . The band leader Art was commonly known for his hard hitting style of drumming and together with his band he made a revolution of bebop and later oversaw its transition into hard bop style of jazz (Lesslie 23). They toured many parts of the world such as the Netherlands, Japan, France and Belgium where they enjoyed a large fan base. In 1958, the band made a memorable live performance in Brussels Belgium where they performed tracks such as â€Å"Just By Myself†, â€Å"Moaning†, â€Å"I Remember Clifford†, â€Å"A Night In Tunisia†, â€Å"It’s You or No One†, â€Å"Whisper Not†, and â€Å"NY Theme† (Lesslie 36). This paper will focus more on the performances of the first four listed tracks, giving a vivid description of the performance, the various jazz styles the players incorporate in each of the tracks and also the role of the instruments used in the tracks. â€Å"Just By Myself† was a live jazz performance in 1958 by Art Blakey & the Jazz Messengers in Olympia Paris. A Benny Golson’s composition, â€Å"Just By Myself† was the opening performance of the Olympia concert. The band members are looking sharp with black suits. The five-minute performance starts right on the melody by a powerful drumming by the band’s leader and drummer Arthur Blakey who is rested sitting behind a Gretsch sparkle set. The song’s style is soft jazz and the piano sets the mood for smooth transitions of the bass guitar and the piano. Lee Morgan is the first soloist, his pitch and tone is spot on for twenty-year old musician. Benny Golson’s who is the second soloist starts with his famous long lines and quickly progresses with short quicker ones. He appears forceful, but rich in content. Bobby Timmons who is the final soloist appears more boppish than usual, but his skill on the keys is exceptionally

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 40

Summary - Essay Example We were all very supportive of the project and admire the hard work involved throughout this process. I believe that Jean worked well and thoroughly to bring this topic and potential improvement program to life. Alexis posted her work, as well, Jean posted some recommendation she thought would benefit Alexis. Alya and Rhett, also, added some very constructive commentary to the posting. Overall, I believe that Alexis has provided strong evidence of the importance of this issue and that her strong approach and very focused approach represents a great potential for her suggested program to succeed. Ayla’s approach, in the posting, was incredibly well resourced and clearly provides a wonderful example the ability of groups with programs like this, which may, be effective in similar ways all over the world. The rest of the team added some interesting suggestions that were supportive of the goal. Rhett’s posting was well focused and relevant, as was Nasreen’s. Rhettâ⠂¬â„¢s was well grounded and informative and Nasreen’s gave a thorough regard to how to help solve the problem at the core of her work. The team showed great effort and positivity in providing helpful, beneficial, constructive criticisms that only improved the wonderful work being presented. This team endeavor has been a fantastic experience and everyone who participated gave total commitment. I am unbelievably pleased with the

Video Case Meredith Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Video Meredith - Case Study Example Another key variable is interest, as this helps define what kind of products they are interested in, as many of the magazines, special interest publications and advertisements are targeted around specific interests. Finally, recent marketing efforts have focused on life events, what factors are changing in the life of the consumer, such as whether they are having a baby or are close to retirement in order to segment the market. Meredith uses survey techniques to get in touch with customers, asking them a wide range of questions including what they do and do not like in the magazines, editorial interests, and where they are in their life. This allows them to build a comprehensive picture of the needs and desires of consumers, their interests and their passion and what they desire in a magazine. The marketing department feels that with the wide range of products now available it is important to have substantial knowledge of the target market. Meredith’s database is large, having 85 million entries, and allows them to reach eight out of ten home owner. As a consequence of this wealth of information, Meredith uses targeted marketing, in particular direct mail to advertise to customers. They use this to send out direct mail offers to consumers on the database that are targeted around this information. Their marketing techniques are very direct, and they prefer to send out a limited number of targeted dir ect advertisements and offers than a large number of broad ones. The direct mail they send is more than simply advertisements, instead the mail contains offers on a large number of products and publications that the consumer is likely to be interested in based on the database information. As a consequence, there is a much higher chance of the consumer responding to the advertising than to non-targeted or mass advertising. Because of their wide database and ability to data mine and analyze the information that is contained within it, Meredith has been

Marketing Strategies Of Kingfisher Airlines In India Tourism Essay

Marketing Strategies Of Kingfisher Airlines In India Tourism Essay This report features the marketing strategies of Kingfisher Airlines in India. The report starts with the analysis of internal and external factors that affect the environment around the aviation industry and how they have an impact on Kingfisher Airlines. As the product under consideration is actually a service industry, 7 Ps of the company have been discussed at length. Moving on, the report discusses the segmentation, targeting and positioning strategies used by the company in detail. On the basis of analysis done, recommendations have been given that might help the company in achieving their objectives and serving their target market more efficiently. 2. CompanyBackground According to UB Group.(2010) The united brewery (UB) Group is one of the Indias largest conglomerates, which has annual sales over US$ 400 million with market capitalisation of over US$ 5 billion. The group has assorted interests in Brewing, real estate, Engineering, Bio technology, Information technology and Aviation. Dr. Vijay Mallaya is the chairman of the group. Kingfisher airline is a private airline owned by Dr. Vijay Mallaya. It started operations in May 9, 2005 with fleet of 4 leased airbase A 320 aircrafts. It provides full facilities to its passenger. With its merger with Air Deccan, the airline nowcaters to all the segments of aviation industry from low to premium. 3. The Environment 3.1Macro Environment Political Factors: Government of India ended the monopoly of Air India and Indian airlines by announcing of its open skies policy. Now the private operators are allowed to offer air transport services.Foreign equity up to 25% is allowed.Non Resident Indian(NRI) investments would be allowed up to 100% for domestic passenger transport. In spite of this no foreign airlines could either directly or indirectly hold equity in domestic airline company. The Government gave freedom to operate non-profit, traveller charter and cargo flights to any destinations. Indian citizens are also allowed to travel on these flights. Fuel prices and high fuel taxes are constantly increasing so the cost will ultimately be placed on the passengers.Safety regulations which also effect aviation industry such as regular flight inspection, recording of flight recorder. Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India.(2000) Economic Factors Indian Aviation industry depends on thedevelopment of its internal market. This can be determined by economic growth of more than 7% Print. (2009, August 6). High fuel costs have definitely worsened the Indian aviation industry. Fuel tax which is charged by most of the states in India is 28%. Indian airlines are growing too fast and too big making over capacity a big issue. There are issues which have overwhelmed the various airlines throughout the world such as High fuel cost, declining passenger numbers and cut throat cost wars but all these have limited influence in India. Regardless of low airport infrastructure in India, there are more than 25 international airlines operating from India. Richardson, B. (2010, January 24) Socio-Culture Factors Around two third of the current population of India consists of young people below 35 belonging to service class. The people belonging to this age group have high disposable income and are potential market targets for consumer and luxury goods. Naukri Hub 1.(2009) Also in country like India, family structure is of great importance, there is a hierarchical system in which all the major household decisions are taken by the elders and earning members of the family. Thus while introducing any product, marketers aim for target audience of that product and decision maker of their family simultaneously. Naukri Hub 2.(2009) Technological Factors: Advances in technology will influence the market in various ways. These days there have been many developments in IT systems and internet which is being used for aircraft maintenance. There have been changes in trends like more customers booking the tickets online. Due to the advancement in technology, the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) has been proposed in cargo terminals, which will link all the stake holders for quick transaction and recent information about the cargo. In many national based carrier services the revenue Yield management system would be increasingly used for adaptable tariffs and to make most of the revenue.The introduction of web check-in service has eased the boarding process in flights. Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India.(2000) 3.2 Micro Environment Company The main goal of kingfisher airline is to provide steady, safe, value based and enjoyable travel experience to all of its passengers Fly Kingfisher 1.(2010). It is the only airline in India which has been awarded with five stars Airline rating by Skytrax. Fly Kingfisher 5.(2010) It has a 19% market share in Indian aviation industry. Customers Customer trend is a fragmentary issue which is required to be considered in order to be successful in the market. Company survives on the basis of fulfilling the customers needs, wants and offer them good benefits to attract more customers. Kingfisher airline fares are standard as compared to jet airways or Air India. They launched kingfisher Red to attract the budget flyers. Supplier Airline needs a consistent supply of fuel, maintenance, food and beverages. Kingfisher airline has a contract with Sky Gourmet for providing catering services, which is a leading airline caterer in India. The Gate group has acquired 74% interest in Sky Gourmet, which will strengthen the capabilities of the company. Gate group is a leader in providing on board services to the organisations which provides services to people on move. So this will ultimately give the benefit to kingfisher airline. Newswire, P.(2010, November 11) Competitor With 19% market share Kingfisher airline faces an intense competition from Jet Airways and Air India which are the two fastest growing airlines in India. Jet Airways and Air India are competing with Kingfisher on premium Executive class of the country with each having market share 26.2% and 17.7% respectively. Director General of Civil Aviation 1,(2010) They provide outstanding services and continuous innovations. Jet airways have acquired Air Sahara, in order to compete strongly in the low cost carrier market. Air Transport World.(2007) Kingfisher airline also competes with other Low cost carriers (LCC) such as Spice Jet, Go Air, Jet Lite, and Indigo Air on short haul routes. These airlines have made record profit by providing cheap tickets to passengers and have captured strong market shares in Indian aviation industry. 4. Organisational Marketing Mix Product/services Kingfisher airline provides three exclusive classes of services to its customers-kingfisher First, kingfisher Class and kingfisher Red. Kingfisher class is highly respected in economy which targets fashionable and ready-to-save middle class passengers. Kingfisher Red is low fare service of kingfisher airlines which mainly targets developing middle class people which are primarily price cognizant. Kingfisher first and kingfisher class both are also available on international journey. Other services included are: Tejas.(2009) Travel insurance in relationship with ICICI Lombard General Insurance. Offer In-flight entertainment to its passengers. Cargo services Lounge and private space Special care facility 3 course Gourmet cuisine Branding Strategies of kingfisher Airlines Kingfisher airlines have adopted Umbrella branding strategy and have broken new ground in the idea of bringing luxury, glamour and lifestyle to the skies. Kingfisher airlines sell the idea of lifestyle through its sensational airhostesses and use red colour, which is the colour of liveliness. They have been trained to provide hospitality in such a way thatgives every passenger a feel like Guest. Kingfisher airlines concept of Flying with Good Times reflects that they are providing a world class services to its Guest. Kingfisher airlines have aggressively advertised itself by becoming channel partner for NDTV Good Times, which is the Indias first lifestyle channel in order to gives its brand a distinct identity. It has also started co branding initiative with American Express corporate card, Airtel, Goa tourism and Malaysian Tourism. It has drafted an agreement with Deepika Padukone ascompanys new brand ambassador. Tejas.(2009) Feedback system Kingfisher airline maintain a proper feedback system and provide the facility of direct email to its chairman if anyone is not satisfied with the services. Company has activated its account on Twitter so that the customer can receive instant updates from Kingfisher airlines; this account has been opened to get feedback from Guests. Campaign India Team.(2009) New Product Development by Kingfisher airlines: Kingfisher airlines offer variety of product developments like: Kingfisher Red launched Frequent Flyer Programme (Little Wings) for young flyers from ages 3 to 12 this would permit young flyer to receive miles when they fly On August, 2010-Kingfisher airlines launched daily direct flights on the Delhi-Ludhiana-Delhi Route.On,1 october,2010-Kingfisher airlines inaugurated services from Bangalore to Mysore. On, 10 october,2010-Kingfisher airlines announced its first SMS-based ticketing service Flybuysms across all mobile networks in collaboration with wireless transactions company Pay Mate. On, 17April, 2010-Kingfisher airlines launch services from Mumbai and New Delhi to Bangkok. They are operating with 22 additional Domestic flights in 2010 for winter schedule from major cities. Kingfisher airlines also provides facility of In- Flight -Entertainment. Fly Kingfisher 2.(2010) Price Kingfisher airline follows differential pricing strategy which is also called dynamic pricing strategy and competes against major airlines in India such as Air India, Jet airways. Newman2, N. (2010). It is a premium airline and charge premium price for its business and economy class and provides high quality of services due to the change in consumers tendency and emerging of new low cost airlines. Kingfisher Red is a low fare section which adopts low fare pricing with full services. The pricing strategy of aviation industry is dynamic and mainly based on the behaviour of crude oil prices, Dollar rates and competition. Fuel prices today accounts for 45 percent of airlines total operating cost. Dr Vijaymallya stated that kingfisher Red is budget airline not a low cost carrier and fares were above those of LCC but lower than the economy class of competitors. ICMR.(2006) Place Kingfisher airline connects all important sectors of business in addition to leisure destinations and provide economical airlines tickets to Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Goa, Chennai, Bangalore and other important cities. It provides services over 80 destinations including Domestic as well as international, more than daily 390 departures with 66 aircraft. Bhasin, H. (2010, June 28) they recently proclaim inaugurate of its domestic operations from Terminal 3 of the Indira Gandhi International Airport, from 14th November 2010, New Delhi. Services from new terminal will provide smooth process and flawless services among all international as well as domestic connections. Fly Kingfisher 3.(2010) Promotions Kingfisher airline use heavy promotion campaign and spends lots of money in promotions; the team of kingfisher airline demonstrated that airline as The New Flying Experience and use both techniques push and pull promotion strategies as follows: Pull Promotion strategy Kingfisher airlines use advertisement hoardings at airports which represents the fashionable interior of the Funliners, andexpress the youthful, joy filled and world-class image. They organize various fashion shows, celebrity golf matches, New Year parties in order to build its kingfisher brand. The UB group publish their monthly magazine which is called Pegasus which provides information regarding kingfisher airlines. Bhasin, H. (2010, June 28) . Push Promotion strategy Kingfisher airline provides special discounts for all individual serving in the India Armed forced the union government, state government, and employees of all public sector units in country. It was the official airline partner of the DLF Indian premier league (IPL) in season 2009. Special discounts in kingfisher hotels mainly for kingfisher airliner traveller. They provides group travel discount for group of 8 or more travelling in kingfisher class or group of 6 or more travelling in kingfisher first class for common purpose. Fly Kingfisher 4.(2010) People Kingfisher airline is service industry which has two kinds of clients: External clients (passengers) and internal customers (employees). Kingfisher airlines uses the word GUEST for its external client, Dr Vijay mallya has clear instruction to his crew that take care of every guest in the same manner as they have guest in his ownhome. Every crew has been provided a thorough training programme so that they can provide the services as per passengers expectations. Bhasin, H. (2010, June 28) Process Customer can book their air ticket either online through kingfisher airlines website or through a Roving agent web check- in. Customer can book ticket at nearest local kingfisher airline office Kingfisher airlines also provides service of home delivery of ticket on demand Fly by SMS service called king mobile was launched in 2005, in order to inform its passengers regarding flight updates, schedule and flight statues through instant mobile alert. Bhasin, H. (2010, June 28) Physical Evidence Kingfisher Airlines provides varieties of unique services to its passenger such as personal valet at the airport in order to help in luggage handling and boarding, Exclusive lounges and private space together with refreshments and music at the airport. In flight Entertainment facility, Passengers have choice of three Gourmet cuisines. Passengers can feel more comfortable with sleeper seats with extendable footrests. It also provides free food in kingfisher Red airline. Yatra Online Private Limited.(2010) C:UserssahilDesktopsegmentation22.jpg C:UserssahilDesktopsegmentation 222.jpg (Refer to appendix 1, Naukri Hub 1.(2009), and Naukri Hub 2.(2009) for segmentation) Customised Marketing Focused Marketing Differentiated Marketing Target Marketing Strategy Undifferentiated Marketing6. Types of Targeting Strategies Targeting Strategy of Kingfisher Airline Kingfisher airline follows Differentiated Targeting Strategy. It mainly targets three types of customers in India on the basis of this provides three Elite classes such as: Kingfisher First: a business class service which mainly concentrates on business class people who are willing to spend for first class services. Kingfisher Class: is highly respected in economy which targets fashionable and ready-to-save middle class passengers. Kingfisher Red: is low fare service of kingfisher airlines which mainly targets developing-middle class people which are primarily price cognizant. Newman1, N. (2010) Kingfisher Red (Budget Flyer) Kingfisher Class (Leisure Traveller) Kingfisher First (Business Traveller) Kingfisher Airline Differentiated strategy 7. Positioning Strategy of Kingfisher In terms of positioning strategy, Kingfisher airline positioned them self premium airline. Dr. Vijay Mallaya has clearly stated that Kingfisher Red will not be positioned as Low cost carrier (LCC), as passengers consider the attributes of a LCC as low quality of services. He believes that people in India pay for quality and services.This budget airline positioning is not a LCC but lower than the economy class of their competitors such as Indian airlines, Jet airways. It also provides the facility of multiple fare option and auction of its tickets on all travel routes. ICMR.(2006), Newman1, N. (2010) Perceptual Maps High Services offered Kingfisher Airline Kingfisher Red Jet airways Air Indigo Air India Price of Ticket High Low Spice jet Go Air Low Low 8. Recommendation Kingfisher airline should improve its performance on important constraint such as punctuality. As per the research conduct by director general of civil aviation (DGCA) kingfisher has highest flight cancellation rate in 2010. Below figures shows the rate: Director General of Civil Aviation 2,2010) I:cancellation.jpg I:reasons of cancellation.jpg Above diagram explains the reason for cancellations. Based on this, it can be deduced that Kingfisher Airlines still lacks in providing world class service as promised by them. Director General of Civil Aviation 2,2010) Kingfisher airlines market share is still low as compared to Jet airways, as per the data revealed by DGCA. It may be due to the higher fare as compared to other low cost carrier such as spice jet, Air indigo, NACIL (I). Director General of Civil Aviation 1,(2010) I:Untitled.jpg Kingfisher airline should think about applying promotional campaign in mass media, in order to inform people more about Kingfisher Red and Kingfisher services. Also they should reconsider their budget flyer strategy as Low Cost Carriers like Spicejet and Indigo are far ahead in terms of market share.

The Importance of Interpersonal Communications in a Friendship Essay

I don’t know where I would be without my best friend. The person who keeps me sane when my family is driving me crazy, or the person who will stay up with me all night to support me when I have a last minute paper due in a class; I don’t know where I would be without that support. I found this support in my best friend, my sister from another father, Regina. Regina is an eccentric, overbearing, lover of all things natural type of girl. She lives life to the fullest and never backs down from a challenge. She is funny, full of whit and sharper than a tack fresh out of the box. Although it hasn’t always been a smooth road for us we still remain friends to this day. Regina and I were neighbors for several years and in that time our friendship strengthened and didn’t seem like anything could break it. It was in our getting older and need for exploration that slowly initiated the fissure in our friendship. We began not seeing eye-to-eye on subjects that we used to agree on when we first met. I would find myself looking for companionship in other friends instead of relying on her for support; and that was wearing thin. It was in our return home that we really started to waiver and greatly changed our relationship to something that I could not recognize. When I began to comprehend the faults within our relationship, I knew it was time to act. Focusing on the Struggle Spectrum by the National Communication Association, I noticed that we were repeatedly climbing the struggle ladder and falling off the edge only to repeat it again. My younger, less educated version of myself would never have seen the problems but now, after years of college and my Interpersonal Communications class, I could see what needed to be done. I b... ...has changed me for the better and I now know that Regina is ready to complete this journey with me. â€Å"The friends that listen to us are the ones we move toward, and we want to sit in their radius† (Karl Meninger). I am greatly pleased with the outcome of this challenge and look forward to what comes next. The profound meaning of my friendship with Regina and what we’ve been through over the past 11 years constantly reminds me that of all the moments we’ve shared, arguments we’ve had, and time spent apart. I appreciate that nothing—absolutely nothing is more uplifting and inspiring than enduring the challenges of life with someone who knows you like the back of your hand. â€Å"It is by chance that we met, by choice that we became friends, Henri Nouwen. Works Cited Beebe S., Beebe S., Redmond M. (2011, 2008, 2005) Allyn & Bacon by Pearson Education, Inc.

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Lying and use of fictions in day-to-day adverts has become more persistent in the contemporary society. False advertisement, therefore, refers to the use of misleading and typically unproven information regarded as false, to advertise a product or a service to customers. It also involves the exposing of untrue stories about someone, a product or a service. Such advert does not disclose the sources of information but is basically meant to persuade customers on the benefits of particular products or services. A false advertisement not only provides inaccurate information about something, however, it also omits information which it should contain (Goldman 487). This research paper, therefore, seeks to examine lies and false adverts in their immediate context and their possible effects. Whether on a national television or the local newspaper, the information conveyed by any advertisement must uphold the truth. In recent times, lies and false advertisements have been used extensively by a business enterprise through their sales agents and politicians. Business companies have always engaged in competition for customers. As result, they have conducted frequent business promotions tailored towards increasing their market share. Persuading customers is also about changing their attitudes and capturing their attention towards the products being promoted. It involves conveying of information concerning the health benefits of using a certain product as opposed to their substitutes. Consequently, to increase their sales, sellers have over a long time used exaggerations based on their products and services. They have misled customers using their untrue information on their advertisements on health benefits. In businesses, there are numerous instances under which false adverts has ever occurred. An advert is considered deceptive if it deliberately misleads its intended customers. Among the several deceptions include snapshot retouching, the omission of information, hidden fees and charges, misleading health claims, as well as oversized packaging of products among others (Bevier 25). To begin with, photographic retouching is a false advertisement used in the cosmetic industry besides the weight loss businesses. They depict false unattainable results to consumers and give a false impression of the cosmetic product's factual capabilities. This is intended to help such businesses attain a higher competitive advantage over their competitors since their false impression has fully captured their customers' perceptions regarding the effectiveness of such products compared to those of their competitors without the photo retouch. The second instance is the omission of information. Failure to include any relevant information about a product is a misleading attempt to the customers. A more relevant example is that of a television advert on prescribed drugs which may precisely fulfill the requirements of the regulations by showing a side-effect at the end of the advert. Hidden fees and charges is another strategy used by most companies to trick customer who might end up paying an excess fee on the advertised products as opposed to the actual price of the item or service unknowingly. It is commonly used in taxation levies, insurance, and shipping fee. A good example is the online selling of a product, where the delivery cost is hidden to make the product cheaper to customers. On health claim advertisements, certain words such as cholesterol-free, low sugar and fat levels, vitamins available, chemical-free product etc. in certain manufactured products may not be true but are only meant to convince the customers on the health benefits of a product, although, in reality, such allegations are not based on facts since they have no source of evidence. They are only meant to attract customers. On the other hand, politics has also formed the grounds of lies and dishonesty in many occasions since politicians have been lying to their followers during their election campaigns along the streets that they are the best. Based on their policies, they have always promised their followers many that they end up not fulfilling, rendering their promises untrue. This has built mistrust between the politician and their followers. Campaign advertisements holding untrue information have always been broadcasted on televisions and printed in local newspapers so that citizens can read and change their attitudes towards such politicians and vote them in.However, the use of false advertising to gain customers is misleading since its information lacks substantive evidence. As a result, it is subjected to some effects which are discussed here below. The effects associated with lies and false advertisements include financial loss, broken trust and customer loyalties, distorted competition among others. False advertising is costly to a company and ends up with a huge amount of money are caught (Garramone 148). For example, the uber advert, â€Å"We have made many improvements to the driver experience over the past one year and will continue to focus on ensuring that Uber is the best option for anyone looking to earn money on their own schedule† attracted them a charge amounting to $20 million dollars by the FTC since their advert was found to be based on false allegations. However, the company is also likely to suffer more serious financial losses if the advert is pulled down. By so doing, the so affected company will lose the money spent in developing the advert. The company can also be sued on the basis of a false advert and be charged more fines in court must also pay the customers who filed the caseFalse advertising has a vast effect on braking trust with clients (Garramone 152). A company engaged in such illegal act gives an impression of lack of its trustworthiness to business in the sight of customers. This will affect the relationship of the company with its existing and new customers, who will feel betrayed and are likely to look for new suppliers of the same goods and services somewhere else. Customers may lose loyalty to the business consequently, building a negative reputation of such business on the public domain. This is likely to affect the future operation of a business. Finally, deceptive advertising reduces the competitive advantage of the business. Ideally, a healthy competition between two or many companies should aim at benefiting the customers by providing them with quality products and services at a cheaper cost. However, a company engaged in false advertising may spend a larger amount of money to make their products attractive. This may hamper their creativity and innovation since they will refrain from conducting research to determine the new factual ways of bettering the quality of their services.In conclusion, false advertisement is misleading. It involves the use untrue information, without supportive evidence about the quality of goods and product. In a business perspective, the intention of a false advert is to attract more customers and increase the number of sales. It gives a false impression to the customers about a product quality. However, it affects businesses in various ways, which include excessive loss of finance, loss of customer loyalty, and disrupting healthy competition thus lowers the competitive advantage of a business. Advertisement In todays world,we are surrounded by various types of advertising. Despite the fact that advertising has become a vital part of business world today,I would argue that it has influenced people to such an extent that people start spending money even without thinking and advertising should be regulated to avoid its negative impacts. Adverts forced consumers to buy things that they event don’t need in many different ways. T.V commercials ,billboards alongside roads and in train stations,leaflets and magazines ,product placement in popular websites,all these forms of advertisement present products in such a glamourised way that we ,as consumers,are forced to buy them. For instance,many textile,garment and other industries pay huge amounts to media stars and top models to endorse their products and people,in particular youngsters,buy these products because their favourite star is in that particular product’s advert.Moreover,sometimes people are not even aware that they are g etting convinced and influenced by adverts. For instance,matches and big sports events are sponsored by companies nowadays and inturn they advertise their products and people get influenced by logos and signboards while watching a match. Similarly products are placed in websites so that people can see adds while watching dramas or movies. To put into a nutshell,we cant avoid commercials even we want to do that. However,we can minimise potential hazards of advertising by some simple measures.Firstly, there should be a regulating body to keep check on advertising industry. Secondly government should banned advertisement of those things that can be dangerous for health such as fast food,fizzy drinks,ciggaretes and alcohol. Similarly sports events can be sponsored but it is important to make sure that products of sponsored companies are not something that can have negative infuence on people such as tobacco products. In the end ,I believe that advertisements have very strong inflence on people and it is the responsibility of authorities to make positive use of this influence.Thats why advertising should be regulated and negative effects can be avoided by banning dangerous products and adverts that are aimed at children. Consumers are faced with increasing numbers of advertisements from competing companies. To what extent do you think are consumers influenced by advertisements? What measures can be taken to protect them? Whether it is on TV, radio or hoardings at the side of the road, advertisements have become a part of our lives. Advertising is a powerful and persuasive medium. Consumers are influenced by advertisements in both positive and negative ways.This essay shall delve into the ways adverts affect the common man and suggest ways to protect people from the negative effects of adverts. On the positive side ads tell us about the new products that are launched in the market. They also tell us about the working of these products. After seeing the ads, consumer s can go to the market and select things of their choice. What is more, the advertising industry provides jobs to many. Ads also touch social issues. On the other hand, advertisements can cause people to be dissatisfied with what they already gave and make them want more.Being exposed again and again to products which one cannot afford leads to dissatisfaction. Furthermore, not all parents are in the position to afford the goods which the children see advertised and want to possess. This often leads to feelings of inadequacy among them. In addition to this advertisements lead to materialism and people lay too much emphasis on material goods. People are prepared to work long hours or even turn to crime to get these goods. The solution is not simple as advertising has become a very pervasive medium.To begin with, advertisements which make false claims should be banned. Then there should be consumer awareness programmes. Consumers should be warned against too much consumerism. Finally, advertisements for liquor and those ads which show stunts should also be banned. To conclude, today we are influenced a lot by adverts, both in positive and negative ways, without adverts we would lose a valuable source of revenue which is used for the benefit of majority. Our lives would be dull without these ads and there is not much that can be done against the consumerism they promote.

The Sociologically Imagined Self †Sociology Essay

The Sociologically Imagined Self – Sociology Essay Free Online Research Papers The Sociologically Imagined Self Sociology Essay In today’s society, it is easy to spot someone blaming themselves for the occurrence of their personal life problems. For example, a single-mother may blame herself for not being able to support her children well due to shortage of money and unavailability to find a decent job. Another could be a newly-wed couple having daily arguments which may lead to their divorce or a case of where women are facing difficulties perceiving their housekeeping responsibilities as a mother wanting to become something more than just a housewife. These various private tensions may seem very personal, yet according to sociologist C. Wright Mills, these dilemmas are all related to a bigger world called society and this is known as the sociological imagination. Sociological imagination suggests that people look at their own personal troubles as social issues and, in general try to connect their own individual encounters with the workings of society. The personal problems are closely related to societal issues such as unemployment, marriage, war and even the city life where the private troubles and the public issues become clearly apparent. With the understanding of the sociological imagination, I began to notice the dail y choices I make, the classes I attend, the way I was raised by my parents, the group of people I choose to hang out with, the things I like to converse about with others are all somehow affected by public issues and what society tends to make us believe is right. There are many areas in my life where I feel that I am greatly affected by various sociological theories such as events dealing with gender and sexuality, family and culture, ethnicity and race, and social class and work. Even though our country supports equality in gender and women are rising up to be treated same as men, there still exist differences in sexuality in our society. This issue of gender and sexuality of our society has had one of the biggest impacts in my life since I was raised with my twin brother Alex. When I saw light of the world, I was immediately assumed the role of a daughter and a girl to my parents. My brother was given tanks, robots and Lego to play with, while I was given Barbie dolls, mini-baking sets and etc. I loved playing with dolls, but there was always that little thought in back of mind that I wanted to play with whatever my brother got to play with as well. However, I soon realized that boys’ toys weren’t for me and that I should be satisfied with whatever toys were given to me by my parents. I believe that toys contribute to the gender socialization with the help of parents who tend to treat boys and girls differently since their births. Because Barbi e is likely one of the most identifiable symbols of femininity in the world, parents feel the need to expose it to their daughters at an early age. According to this, there are obviously different social positions assumed by women and men because even at a young age, one adopts a gender role closely related to gender identity which is â€Å"your identification with, or sense of belonging to, a particular sex-biologically, psychologically, and socially† (288). After numerous incidents where I was denied to play with my brother’s toys or to play guys’ sports such as baseball, I was slowly beginning to understand my role as a female, a daughter and a sister through everyday social interactions and social learning of gender which I believed was the correct thing to do. I suppose that gender is not just created biologically; rather, it is also felt and learned through the moments one experiences within the society. Also, the cultural factors influencing the structural factors in gender can also be experienced through the society. I believe that having a twin brother has influenced me even more in recognizing my gender identity. With strict distinction drawn by my parents and those around me, I was taught that playing with Barbie dolls was the socially accepted thing to do. If I had not learned abou t how social beliefs affect personal lives, I wouldn’t have even thought about questioning what would have happened if I had no clear social interactions or learning to help me identify my gender. Another sociological theory that has affected my way of thinking was social issues dealing with family and culture. I grew up in a traditional Korean family before I moved here in United States and those were the times when my views and my behaviors were shaped by my parents and grandparents. My grandfather used to tell me many stories about when Korea was a colony of Japan and Japanese people stole, rooted, and ruined the lives of innocent Korean people. While he angrily expressed his feelings toward Japanese people, I, as a child, could feel myself slowly believing in my grandfather’s beliefs. I think that as a child I was going through an anticipatory socialization where I was taking on the norms and behaviors of a role to which one aspires but does not yet occupy. It could also be said that I was completely rejecting self socialization and was making my family an aspect of my primary socialization. Due to this, while I was growing up, I tended to avoid Japanese people. I s tarted to feel that the culture was limiting the â€Å"choices† at my disposal. Due to this experience as a child, I realized that I had almost no control over my beliefs and most were issued to me by my family, culture and society and still do not have control over these things. Because my grandfather was basically socializing me when I was a child, I still have problems developing my individual beliefs alone. Even to this day, society plays such a big role in my making of choices everyday and social influences can be most of times, uncontrollable; however, sometimes one could use those social influences to one’s own advantage to form the socially understood beliefs. This experience helped me to realize that society does indeed play a main role in developing my cultural and traditional family views and values. As I continued to live in America, my racial identity became clearer as I was considered to be part of a minor racial group in my class full of Caucasian people. At first, I was surprised by the enormous variety of races that existed. The first day I went to school, I realized I was the only Asian in the class and soon fell silent feeling maybe I wasn’t supposed to be there, I simply did not belong in there. However, later during the day, I was moved to an ESL class where I met at least seven Korean people. Soon, I started to feel that I was part of a distinct ethnic group and I would feel more accepted when I am with other people of my ethnic group. According to Brym and Lie, ethnic group is composed of people who perceived cultural markers are deemed socially significant. It is true that ethnic groups differ from one another in terms of language, religion, customs, values, and ancestors, but these are not the only causes of differences in races, but much of the social-struct ural differences typically underlie cultural differences. I felt more comfortable being with other Koreans because I thought they shared similar ideas as me, but another reason was because while I was in the classroom filled with mostly Caucasian people, I felt as if they were saying, â€Å"What is she doing here? She’s not one of us.† Somehow, I felt like an outcast among the fluent English speakers and thought even my teacher looked down on me because I could not speak the language. However, after couple years of living in America, I started to make Caucasian friends and slowly began to experience a shift in my racial identity. Even before I knew it, I was shaping and reshaping my ethnic identity through the experiences I was encountering with different groups of people. Consequently, I would meet new people and they would ask where I am from and I find myself answering, â€Å"Chicago,† whereas couple years ago I used to respond with â€Å"Seoul, South Korea. † According to Brym and Lie, assimilation is the process by which a minority group blends into the majority population and eventually disappears as a distinct group. I believe that through goodwill, I was allowed to fuse socially and culturally into an American culture. Unlike the years before, I now believe that racial identity was not forced upon me; rather I shaped it throughout the years through my own experiences with different race people. Following the changes in my attitude toward different group of people, I started to become more aware of my current social standings living with my parents. I believe that social inequality still have big consequences for the way we live which sketches out the pattern of social inequality in the United States and globally. The meaning of social stratification, the way society is organized in layers or strata, we start to identify issues that need to be resolved before we can achieve a more adequate understanding of social stratification, one of the fundamentally important aspects of social life (195). Wealth is not just how much money you have or how expensive of things you can afford to buy; rather it’s something that you own. It may be many different things. For example, my parents’ wealth helped to purchase a house of their own, a new Mercedes and to pay for two kids’ college tuitions. I agree with the fact that wealth even improves your health because you can afford to engage in leisure pursuits, turn off stress, consume high-quality food and all this will lead you to live a healthier and longer life than someone who lacks these advantages. My dad, who has lost his mother when he was only six years old, has lived under difficult conditions. His father did not have a job, he had five siblings who now had no mother to cook for them or take care of them. They lived in poor conditioned house where rain would go right through the roof of the house leading to another night of wet floor to be bucketed out. Not until my dad started to work on his own, he was not able to achieve any social status with his family living in such poverty. Now he works as a financial manager for a prosperous company called Molex Co. and earns a high income annually. Since your income is what you earn in a given period, there is less income inequality in the distribution of wealth. People of social stratification usually divide populations into categories of unequal size that differ in their lifestyle. Also, there is a relationship between wealth and culture as one defines class such as the â€Å"cultural capital† which is widely shared high status cultural signals that really can’t be counted due to its invisibility. I realized after hearing my dad’s life story of working his way up in his social and economic status that it is possible for people to move up and down following economy. In order to do this however, our society needs to promote marriage, decent paying jobs, and raise the minimum wage. I sometimes wonder how my parents would react if I brought someone home to introduce him as my future husband but he’s social standing is dramatically lower than my family’s. I believe that my parents would try to convince me to rethink because by marrying him I will not be able to enjoy the privileges I got to enjoy living with my family. Even now, I realized that I usually hang out with those who’s standin g on a similar social status as me because I can relate to them more when talking about things rather than with people who never got to do things that I was privileged to due to my social standing. Even at school, there are certain social events that only people who can afford to buy the tickets can attend. Those who are not able to afford such things are not allowed to attend the event. This shows how the society makes social stratification seem almost natural and bound to happen. Our society promotes the differences in social classes and is telling us to accept it the way it is. I believe that if I had not been aware of these sociological theories, I would not have been able to understand how society relates to my daily choice makings and beliefs I have developed throughout the years. I always thought that my personal problems were only affected by my private issues and did not think that sociological issues could be such a big of an impact. In many areas such as gender and sexuality, family and culture, race and ethnicity, and social class and stratification were all the causes and results of various personal problems I had throughout my life. Once I began to learn these sociological concepts, I was able to relate them more to my life and started to question how society can be changed. People must realize and accept that little actions can change the society which can bring dramatic changes to their daily lives. We have to stop thinking that society is merely a big institution that we as â€Å"little people† can’t really do anything to bring about a change. We have to realize that we may be created and controlled by the social world, but at the same time we create the society. As I raise my children, I am going to try to raise them as individuals rather than a boy and a girl. As I meet people of different races, I am not only going to limit myself to Koreans and other Asians, rather I will try to get off from my comfort zone and be part of different groups of people. These things may not be easy as it sounds because of beliefs that society has already formed in my head, however, I am going to try to stay open-minded and that society can indeed change if we all become aware of each of our own sociological imaginations. 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Fascism And Its Political Ideas Essays - Fascism, Far-right Politics

Fascism And Its Political Ideas Essays - Fascism, Far-right Politics Fascism and its Political Ideas Fascism is a form of counter-revolutionary politics that first arose in the early part of the twentieth-century in Europe. It was a response to the rapid social upheaval, the devastation of World War I, and the Bolshevik Revolution. Fascism is a philosophy or a system of government the advocates or exercises a dictatorship of the extreme right, typically through the merging of state and business leadership, together with an ideology of aggressive nationalism. Celebrating the nation or the race as an organic community surpassing all other loyalties. This right-wing philosophy will even advocate violent action to maintain this loyalty which is held in such high regards. Fascism approaches politics in two central areas, populist and elitist. Populist in that it seeks to activate "the people" as a whole against perceived oppressors or enemies and to create a nation of unity. The elitist approach treats as putting the people?s will on one select group, or most often one supreme leader called El Duce, from whom all power proceeds downward. The two most recognized names that go along with Fascism are Italy?s Benito Mussolini and Germany?s Adolf Hitler. The philosophy of Fascism can be traced to the philosophers who argue that the will is prior to and superior to the intellect or reason. George Sorel, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Georg Hegal are main philosophers who?s beliefs and ideologies greatly influenced the shaping of Fascist theory. Sorel (1847-1922) was a French social philosopher who had a major influence on Mussolini. Sorel believed that societies naturally became decadent and disorganized. This decay could only be slowed by the leadership of idealists who were willing to use violence to obtain power. Nietzsche (1844-1900) theorized that there were two moral codes: the ruling class ( master morality) and the oppressed class (slave morality). Nietzsche believed the ancient empires were developed from the master majority and the religious ideas and views grew out the slave majority. The idea of the "overman" or superman which symbolized man at his most creative and highest intellectual capacity was brought about by Nietzsche as well. Hegal believed people should sacrifice for the community. He thought war was also necessary to unify the state, with peace bring nothing but a weak society. Hegal also sustained that laws should be made by the corporate organization of the state. Fascism values human nature in a group for the benefit of the community. The group as a whole is called the human will, which is ruled by a select group or one leader, with the power being passed down from top to bottom. Fascism seeks to organize an organization led mass movement in an effort to capture the state power. When the power is in the firm grip of the ruler, or IL Duce, the government will be used to control the population and everything in it so the community will be benefited. Fascism?s ideal government would be fashioned around the good of the community or nation. Everyone would work for the benefit of the nation and that is all. Regularly this would take place with the merging of the state and business leadership, with concern only of the nation. In this the nation will also take care of its members if the need should arise. This could be money ,shelter, food, or any other need that might come about. The ideology of Fascism has been identified with totalitarianism, state terror, fanaticism, arranged violence, and blind obedience. Adolf Hitler established his own personal ideology, Mein Kampf, which means My Struggle. The book was written while Hitler was in prison and not yet in power. Mussolini fashioned his ideology after he took control of Italy. Despite their two different angles on the use of Fascism Hitler and Mussolini both worked similarly on how they established their principles in the same basic manner. Their principles came from basic responses to various issues the leaders faced. Fascism is an authoritarian political movement that developed in Italy and other European countries after 1919 as a reaction against the profound political and social changes brought about from inflation, and declining social, economic, and political conditions. Italy, which was ready for a new political aspect, was the birthplace of fascist ideology. Benito Mussolini was the man who brought this ideology